The following lists some of the research interests of members of the Academy of Leisure Sciences. Additionally, selected publications which reflect these interests are listed, as well as the author's contact information. Most of the books listed below are described in detail on the Books by Members of the Academy of Leisure Sciences page.
Academy Members Listed on This Page:
Lawrence R. Allen | David R. Austin | Rabel J. Burdge | Linda Caldwell | Garry Chick | Fred Coalter | H. Kenneth Cordell | John Dattilo | Robert B. Ditton | Dan Dustin | Gary D. Ellis | Donald R. Field | Geoffrey Godbey | William E. Hammitt | Mark E. Havitz (1) | Mark E. Havitz (2) | Karla A. Henderson | Dennis R. Howard | John Hultsman | Benjamin Hunnicutt | Edgar L. Jackson | M. Jean Keller | Douglas A. Kleiber | Michael J. Manfredo | Roger C. Mannell | Robert E. Manning | Leo McAvoy (1) | Leo McAvoy (2) | Ronald E. McCarville | Thomas A. More | James F. Murphy | Alison Pedlar | Ruth V. Russell | Stuart J. Schleien | Mark S. Searle | Susan M. Shaw | Robert Stebbins | Norma J. Stumbo | Muzzo Uysal | Jerry Vaske
Areas of Expertise:
American Indians and recreation lands (McAvoy)
Benefits (outcome) based recreation programming (Allen)
Constraints to leisure (Jackson)
Effects of technology on leisure and quality of life (Hultsman)
Ego involvement with leisure activity and psychological commitment to service providers (Havitz)
Finding the right leisure: Serious, casual, or project-based (Stebbins)
Future of leisure and leisure services (Godbey)
Gender and the intersection of work, leisure, and family (Shaw)
History of work and leisure (Hunnicutt)
Human dimensions of recreational fisheries (Ditton)
Human dimensions of wildlife and natural resource management (Manfredo)

Including people with disabilities in community recreation and sports (Schleien)

Leisure and aging (Searle)
Leisure, community, and persons with disabilities (Pedlar)
Leisure and culture Chick)
Leisure education (Dattilo)
Leisure experience and personal transitions - (Kleiber)
Leisure and health (Mannell)
Leisure: Health protection, health promotion, and inclusive recreation (Austin)
Leisure and the humanities (Russell)
Leisure in the lives of older adults (Keller)
Leisure, physical activity, and women (Henderson)
Leisure service delivery (McCarville)
Leisure service delivery system: Philosophy, service roles, and issues (Murphy)
Leisure and unemployment (Havitz)
Measuring and animating immediate conscious experiences (Ellis)
Normative approaches to natural resource management (Vaske)
Outdoor adventure and persons with disabilities (McAvoy)
Outdoor recreation participation trends (Cordell)
Park and outdoor recreation management (Manning)
Prevention of risk behavior and promotion of healthy development of youth through leisure (Caldwell)
Professional accountability in practice: Programming/outcomes/assessment (Stumbo)
The public sector and its policies in outdoor recreation (More)
Recreation ethics (Dustin)
Rural landscapes, public lands and human populations: The changing character of rural communities and countryside (Field)
Satisfaction: tourism services (Uysal)
Social impact assessment of parks, protected areas and recreation facilities (Burdge)
Sport and social outcomes: Definition and measurement (Coalter)
Sport finance and economics (Howard)
Visitor behavior in wildland environments (Hammitt)
Keywords: Aging/older adults (1) | Aging/older adults (2) | American Indians | Barriers | Benefits | Community | Community recreation and sports | Constraints | Culture | Effects of technology | Ego involvement with leisure activity | Ethics | Family | Future of leisure | Gender | Health (1) | Health (2) | History of work and leisure | Humanities | Immediate conscious experiences | Inclusion (1) | Inclusion (2) | Leisure education | Leisure experience | Leisure services (1) | Leisure services (2) | Leisure services (3) | Natural resource management (1) | Natural resource management (2) | Normative approaches | Outdoor adventure | Outdoor recreation management | Outdoor recreation participation trends | Outdoor recreation policies | Park management | Parks | Personal transitions | Persons with disabilities (1) | Persons with disabilities (2) | Persons with disabilities (3) | Physical activity & women | Prevention of risk behavior | Programming | Professional accountability in practice | Protected areas | Psychological commitment to service providers | Public lands | Public sector | Quality of life | Recreation ethics | Recreation facilities | Recreation lands | Recreational fisheries | Rural communities & countryside | Rural landscapes | Satisfaction | Serious leisure | Social impact assessment | Social outcomes | Sport | Sport finance & economics | Therapeutic recreation (1) | Tourism services | Unemployment | Visitor behavior | Wildland environments | Wildlife management | Work | Youth and leisure
Benefits (Outcome) Based Recreation Programming
Lawrence R. Allen
Dean
College of Health, Education, and Human Development
116 Edwards Hall
Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29631
Phone: (864) 656-7640
E-mail: lalln@clemson.edu

Allen, L. and Cooper, N. (2003). Benefits-based programming: Undergraduate curriculum manual. Arlington, VA: National Recreation and Park Association.

Allen, L.R. (1996). A primer for benefits-based management of recreation services. Parks and Recreation, 31 (3), 64-76.
Allen, L.R., B. Stevens, and R. Harwell. (1996). Benefits-based management activity planning model for youth in at-risk environments. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 14 (3), 10-19.
Allen, L.R., B. Stevens, and R. Harwell. (1997). Prescriptive recreation programming, in Proceedings, parks and recreation in the 21st century. Chapter III Conference, Myrtle Beach, SC.
Allen,L.R, Hurtes, K. & Stevens, B. (1999). Impact programming: building resiliency. Parks & Recreation, November.
Allen, L.R., Stevens, B, Harwell, R, Paisley, K. & Lee, C. (1998). Benefits-based management: Demonstration project technical report: National Recreation and Park Association.
Allen, L.R., Stevens, B., Hurtes, K. & Harwell, R. (1998). Benefits-based programming of recreation services: training manual: National Recreation and Park Association.
Hurtes, K.B., Allen, L.R., Stevens, B. & Lee, C. (2000). Benefits-based programming: Making an impact on youth. Journal of Parks and Recreation Administration, 18 (1), 34-49.
Hurtes, K.P. & Allen, L.R. (2001). Measuring resiliency in youth: The resiliency attitudes and skills profile. Journal of Therapeutic Recreation, 35 (4), 333-347.
Paisley, K., Allen, L.R., Stevens, B. & Harwell, R. (1998). The top ten ways to have an impact on at-risk youth through recreation programming. Parks & Recreation, March, 80-86.
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Leisure: Health Protection, Health Promotion, and Inclusive Recreation
David R. Austin
Recreation and Park Administration
133 HPER Building
Indiana University
Bloomington, IN 47405
daustin@indiana.edu


Austin, D.R. (1995). J.B. Nash Scholar Lecture: Recreation and leisure – bridges for health. Reston, VA: American Association for Leisure and Recreation.
Austin, D.R. (1998). The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 32 (2), 109-117.
Austin, D.R. (1991). The interface between social and clinical psychology. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 2, 59-68.
Austin, D.R. (2004). Therapeutic recreation processes and techniques (5th edition). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing Inc.
Austin, D.R., & Crawford, M.E. (2001). Therapeutic recreation: An introduction. (3rd edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Austin, D.R., Dattilo, J., & McCormick, B.P. (2002). Conceptual foundations for therapeutic recreation. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Smith, R.W., Austin, D.R., Kennedy, D.W., Lee, Y., & Hutchinson, P. (2005). Inclusive and special recreation: Opportunities for persons with disabilities (5th edition). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
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Social Impact Assessment of Parks, Protected Areas and Recreation Facilities
Rabel J. Burdge
PO Box 4056
1108 13th Street
Bellingham, WA
U.S.A. 98227-4056
E-mail: burdge@comcast.net or burdge@cc.wwu.edu
www.socialimpactassessment.net

Burdge, Rabel J. (2004). A community guide to social impact assessment (3rd Edition). Middleton, Wisconsin: Social Ecology Press.
Burdge, Rabel J. (2004). The concepts, process and methods of social impact assessment. Rabel J. Burdge and colleagues. Middleton, Wisconsin: Social Ecology Press.
Burdge, Rabel J. (2003). Social impact assessment documents: A manual of supporting documents for SIA courses.
Burdge, Rabel J. Guest Editor. (2003). The practice of social impact assessment: Part I. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 21 (2), 81-160.
Burdge, Rabel J. Guest Editor. (2003). The practice of social impact assessment: Part II. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 21 (3), 166-250.
Burdge, Rabel J. (2002). Why is social impact assessment the orphan of the assessment process? Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 20 (1), 3-9.
Burdge, Rabel J. and Frank Vanclay. (1995). Social impact assessment. In F. Vanclay and D. Bronstein (Eds.), Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley, pp 31-65.
Burdge, Rabel J. and Frank Vanclay. (1995). Social impact assessment: state of the art. Impact Assessment, 14 (1), 57-86.
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Prevention of Risk Behavior and Promotion of Healthy Development of Youth through Leisure
Linda Caldwell
Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management
Penn State University
201 Mateer Building
University Park, PA
U.S.A. 16802
E-mail: LindaC@psu.edu

Witt, P.A., & Caldwell, L.L. (Editors, in press). Recreation and youth development. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Caldwell, L.L. (2004). TimeWise: Taking charge of free time curriculum for middle school students. Scotts Valley, CA: ETR Associates.
Caldwell, L.L. (in press). Leisure and health: Why is leisure therapeutic? British Journal of Counseling and Psychology.
Caldwell, L.L., Smith, E.A., Wegner, L., Vergnani, T., Mpofu, E., Flisher, A., & Matthews, C. (2004). HealthWise South Africa: Developing a life skills curriculum for young adults. World Leisure Journal, 46 (3), 4-17.
Baldwin, C.K., & Caldwell, L.L. (2003). Development of the free time motivation scale for adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 35, 129-151.
Caldwell, L.L. (2001). Reflections on therapeutic recreation and youth: Possibilities for broadening horizons. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 35, 279-289.
Caldwell, L.L., Finkelstein, J., & Demers, B. (2001). Exploring the leisure behavior patterns and experiences of youth with endocrinological disorders. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 35, 236-249.
Caldwell, L.L. (2000). Beyond fun and games? Challenges to adopting a prevention and youth development approach to youth recreation. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 18, 105-122.
Caldwell, L.L., & Darling, N. (1999). Leisure context, parental control, and resistance to peer pressure as predictors of adolescent partying and substance use: An ecological perspective. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 57-77.
Caldwell, L.L., Darling, N., Payne, L., & Dowdy, B. (1999). "Why are you bored?” An examination of psychological and social control causes of boredom among adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 103-121.
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Leisure and Culture

Garry Chick
Professor-in-Charge
Leisure Studies Program
Department of Recreation Management
Penn State University
201 Mateer Building
University Park, PA 16802
E-mail: gchick@psu.edu

Chick, G., & Dong, E. (in press). Cultural constraints on leisure. In Constraints To Leisure. E. Jackson (Ed), State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Chick, G. (2001). What is play for? Sexual selection and the evolution of play. Play and Culture Studies, 3, 3-25.
Chick, G. (2000). Opportunities for cross-cultural comparative research on leisure. Leisure Sciences, 22, 79-91.
Chick, G. (1999). Leisure's anthropology and the anthropology of leisure: An examination of the coverage of leisure in anthropology texts and anthropology in leisure texts. Schole, 14, 19-35.
Chick, G. (1998). Science, materialism, and the quest for an anthropology of leisure: A rejoinder. Leisure Sciences, 20, 229-242.
Chick, G. (1998). Leisure and culture: Issues for an anthropology of leisure. Leisure Sciences, 20, 111-133.
Chick, G. (1995). The adaptive qualities of leisure: A cross-cultural survey. In Proceedings of the ANZALS Conference. C. Simpson and B. Gidlow (Eds.), Canterbury, New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies, 158-163.
Chick, G. (1993). Leisure and the evolution of culture: Cross-cultural tests of several hypotheses. In Leisure and Tourism: Social and Environmental Change. Grant Cushman, Paul Jonson, & Tony Veal (Eds.), Sydney: Centre for Leisure and Tourism Studies, University of Technology, Sydney. 293-300.
Chick, G. (1991). Acculturation and community recreation in rural mexico. Play & Culture, 4, 185-193.
Chick, G. (1986). Leisure, labor, and the complexity of culture: An anthropological perspective. Journal of Leisure Research, 18, 154-168.
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Sport and Social Outcomes: Definition and Measurement
Fred Coalter
Professor
Institute for Sports Research
Department of Sports Studies
University of Stirling
Stirling
U.K. FK9 4LA
Phone: 01786 466487
E-mail: j.a.coalter@stir.ac.uk
The role of sport in regenerating deprived urban areas. (2000). Scottish Executive, Edinburgh. (Senior author with M. Allison and J. Taylor).
Realising the potential of cultural services. (2001). Sport. Local Government Association, London.
Sport and community development: A manual. (2002) Research report no. 86. sportscotland, Edinburgh.
The social role of sport: opportunities and challenges. In S. Campbell and B. Simmonds (Eds.). (2003). Sport, active recreation and social inclusion. John Smith Institute, London.
Sport and social inclusion. In G. Faulkner and A. Taylor (Eds). Exercise as therapy: emerging relationships. Routledge, London, forthcoming.
The benefits of sport research. (2004). Report no. 93. sportscotland.
The value of sport monitor. Sport England/UK Sport. www.sportengland.org/vsm/vsm_intro.asp
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Outdoor Recreation Participation Trends
H. Kenneth Cordell
USDA Forest Service
Recreation, Wilderness, and Urban/Wildland Interface Research Group
320 Green Street
Athens, Georgia
U.S.A. 30602-2044
E-mail: kcordell@fs.fed.us

Cordell, H. Ken, Burt Lewis, and Barbara L. McDonald. (1991) Methodology for assessing national outdoor recreation demand and supply trends. Leisure Sciences, 13 (1), 1-20.

Long-term outdoor recreation participation trends. In: Proceedings of the fourth international outdoor recreation. (1995). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, p. 35-38.
Cordell, H. Ken. (1997). The evolution of outdoor recreation in America. Scandinavian Forest Economics, 36, 1-14.
Cordell, H. Ken and Joseph O'Leary. (1998). Trends in outdoor recreation participation. Outdoor recreation - a reader for Congress. ISBN 0-16-057007-7. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 140-143.
Cordell, H. Ken. (1999). Outdoor recreation in american life: A national assessment of demand and supply trends. Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
Cordell, H. Ken, Nancy G. Herbert, and Francis Pandolfi (1999). The growing popularity of birding in the United States. Birding, 31 (2), 168-176.
Cordell, H. Ken, and Gregory R. Super (2000). Trends in Americans’ outdoor recreation. In: W.C. Gartner and D.W. Lime (eds.). Trends in outdoor recreation, leisure, and tourism. New York, NY: CABI Publishing, pp. 133-144.
Cordell, H. Ken, and Michael A. Tarrant (2002). Forest-based outdoor recreation. In Wear, David N. and John G. Greis (eds). Southern forest resource assessment. GTR-SRS-53. Asheville, NC: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 269-282.
Cordell, H. Ken, Carter J. Betz, and Gary T. Green (2002). Recreation and the environment as cultural dimensions in contemporary American society. Leisure Sciences, 24, 13-41.
Cordell, H. Ken and Carter J. Betz. (2003). Recreation, tourism and other social, cultural and spiritual values: Indicators 35-37 and 42-43 of the Montreal Process Criteria and Indicators. In 2003 nation’s report on sustainable forest management in the United States: A collection of supporting technical documents. Compiled by D. Darr. Washington DC: USDA Forest Service, 34 pages.
Cordell, H. Ken, Gary T. Green, and Carter J. Betz (2004). Outdoor recreation 21st century America. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
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Leisure Education
John Dattilo
Professor and Department Head
Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management
201 Mateer Building
Penn State University
University Park, PA 16802
E-mail: jxd8@psu.edu

Dattilo, J., Williams, R., & Cory, L. (2003). Effects of computerized leisure education on knowledge of social skills of youth with disabilities. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 37 (2), 142-155.

Malley, S., Dattilo, S., & Gast, D. (2002). Effects of visual arts instruction on the mental health of adults with mental retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 40 (4), 278-296.

McKenney, A., & Dattilo, J. (2001). Effects of an intervention within a sport context on the pro-social behavior and antisocial behavior of adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 34, 123-140.

Dattilo, J., Williams, R., Guerin, N., & Cory, L. (2001). Effects of computerized leisure education on the self-determination of youth with disabilities. Journal of Special Education Technology, 16 (1), 5-18.

Dattilo, J. (2000). Leisure education specific programs. State College, PA: Venture.

Dattilo, J. (1999). Leisure education program planning: A systematic approach (2nd edition). State College, PA: Venture.

Hoge, G., Dattilo, J., & Williams, R. (1999). Effects of leisure education on perceived freedom in leisure of adolescents with mental retardation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 33, 320-332.
Dattilo, J., & Hoge, G. (1999). Effects of a leisure education program on youth with mental retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 34 (1), 20-34.
Dattilo, J., Kleiber, D., & Williams, R. (1998). Self-determination and enjoyment enhancement: A psychologically-based service delivery model for therapeutic recreation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 32, 258-271.
Williams, R., & Dattilo, J. (1997). Effects of a leisure education on self-determination, social interaction, and positive affect of young adults with mental retardation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 31, 244-258.
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Human Dimensions of Recreational Fisheries

Robert B. Ditton
Professor
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences
2258 TAMU
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX
USA 77843-2258
E-mail: r-ditton@tamu.edu

Oh, C., R. B. Ditton, B. Gentner, and R. Riechers. (In press). A stated discrete choice approach to understanding angler preferences and tradeoffs for management options. Human Dimensions of Wildlife.

Oh, C. R. B. Ditton, D. Scott, Anderson, D. K. and J. R. Stoll. (In press). Understanding differences in nonmarket valuation by angler specialization level. Leisure Sciences.
Sutton, S. G. and R. B. Ditton. (In press). The substitutability of one type of fishing for another. North American Journal of Fisheries Management.
Ditton, R. B. (2004). Human dimensions of fisheries. Pages 199- 208 in M. J. Manfredo, J. J. Vaske, B. L. Bruyere, D. R. Field, and P. J. Brown, editors. Society and Natural Resources: A Summary of Knowledge Prepared for the 10th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management. Modern Litho. Jefferson, Missouri.
Ditton, R. B. and S. G. Sutton. (2004). Substitutability in recreational fishing. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 9, 87-102.
Gillis, K. S. and R. B. Ditton. (2002). A conjoint analysis of U.S. Atlantic billfish fishery management alternatives. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 22, 1218-1228.
Hunt, K. M. and R. B. Ditton. (2002). Freshwater fishing participation patterns of racial and ethnic groups in Texas. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 22, 52-65.
Fedler, A. J. and R. B. Ditton. (2001) Dropping out and dropping in: A study of factors for changing recreational fishing participation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 21, 283-292.
Sutton, S. G. and R. B. Ditton. (2001). Understanding catch and release behavior among U.S. Atlantic bluefin tuna anglers. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 6, 49- 66.
Hunt, K. M. and R. B. Ditton. (2001). Perceived benefits of recreational fishing to Hispanic-American and Anglo anglers. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 6, 153- 172.
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Recreation Ethics
Dan Dustin
Frost Professor
Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation
Florida International University
Miami, Florida
U.S.A. 33100
E-mail: dustind@fiu.edu

Driver, B., Dustin, D., Baltic, T., Elsner, G., and Peterson, G. (Eds.) (1996). Nature and the human spirit: Toward an expanded land management ethic. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Dustin, D., McAvoy, L., and Schultz, J. (2002). Stewards of access/custodians of choice: A philosophical foundation for the park and recreation profession. (3rd Edition). Champaign-Urbana, IL: Sagamore Publishing, Inc.

Dustin, D., McAvoy, L., and Schultz, J. (1991). Recreation rightly understood. In T. Goodale and P. Witt (Eds.) Recreation and leisure: Issues in an era of change. (3rd edition). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Dustin, D., (1999). The gift. In Clyde Butcher: Nature's Places of Spiritual Sanctuary. Ochopee, FL: Window of the Eye, Inc., p. 13.
Dustin, D., McAvoy, L., and Rankin, J. (1991). Land ethics in a culturally diverse society. Trends, 28 (3), 25-27.
Dustin, D. (1990). Looking inward to save the outdoors. Parks & Recreation, 25 (9), 86-89.
Christensen, H. and Dustin, D. Reaching recreationists at different levels of moral development. (1989) Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 7 (4), 72-80.
Dustin, D. (1985). To feed or not feed the bears: The moral choices we make. Parks & Recreation, 20 (10), 54-57, 72.
Dustin, D. (1984). Recreational limits in a world of ethics. Parks & Recreation, 19 (3), 48-51, 70.
Dustin, D. and McAvoy, L. (1980). Hardining' national parks. Environmental Ethics, 2 (1), 39-44.
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Measuring and Animating Immediate Conscious Experiences

Gary D. Ellis
Professor and Chair
University of Utah Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism
200 South, 1850 East, Room 200
Salt Lake City, UT 84112
E-mail: Gary.Ellis@Health.Utah.edu

Ellis, G. Henderson, H., Paisley, K, Silverberg, K., & Wells, M. (2004). Bringing sportsmanship back to your youth sports leagues. Parks and Recreation, 39 (4), 46-51.

Voelkl, J., Ellis, G., & Walker, J. (2003). How to help people have optimal recreation experiences. Parks and Recreation, 38 (8), 20-29.
Marshall, E. & Ellis, G. (2003). Animating recreation experiences: Effects of behavior-specific verbal feedback on experiences of first time skiers. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 21 (3), 120-139.
Ellis, G., Trunnell, E., & Ellis, R. (2002). Gemeinsheft and gesellschaft: Empowering parks and recreation students to engender common-unity in place-based and nonplace communities. Schole, 5, 63-84.
Long, T., Ellis, G., Trunnell, E., Tatsugawa, K., & Freeman, P. (2001). Animating recreation experiences through the COMPLEX model. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 2, 1-22.
Tate, D. & Ellis, G. (1997). Effects of facilitation techniques on challenge initiative related outcomes among adolescents receiving mental health services. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 21, 19-27.
Jones, R. & Ellis, G. (1996). Effect of perceived risk on secretion of beta endorphin. Leisure Sciences, 18, 277-291.
Ellis, G., Morris, C. & Trunnell, E. (1995). Engineering experiences: The COMPLEX model of recreation leadership. World Leisure and Recreation, 37, 37-43.
Chakravorty, D., Trunnell, E. & Ellis, G. (1995). Ropes course participation and post-activity processing on transient depressed mood of hospitalized adult psychiatric patients. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 29, 104-113.
Ellis, G., Voelkl, J. & Morris, C. (1994). Measurement and analysis issues with explanation of variance in daily experience using the flow model. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 337-356.
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Rural Landscapes, Public Lands and Human Populations: The Changing Character of Rural Communities and Countryside
Donald R. Field
Department of Forest Ecology and Management
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
U.S.A. 53706
E-mail: drfield@wisc.edu

Field, Donald R., A.E. Luloff, and Richard Krannich. (2002). Revisiting the origins of and distinctions between natural resource sociology and environmental sociology. Society and Natural Resources, 15, 213-227.

Field, Donald R., Paul R. Voss, Tracy K. Kuczenski, Roger Hammer, and Volker Radeloff. (2003). Reaffirming social landscape analysis in landscape ecology: A conceptual framework. Society and Natural Resources, 16, 349-361.
Radeloff, Volker C., Alice E. Hagen, Paul R. Voss, Donald R. Field, and David J. Mladenoff. (2000). Exploring the spatial relationship between Census and Land-Cover Data. Society and Natural Resources, 1, 599-609.
Radeloff, Volker C., Roger B. Hammer, Paul R. Voss, Alice E. Hagen, Donald R. Field, and David J. Mladenoff. (2001). Human demographic trends and landscape level forest management in the northwest wisconsin pine barrens. Forest Science, 47, 229-241.
Kuczenski, Tracy K., Donald R. Field, Paul R. Voss, Volker C. Radeloff, and Alice Hagen. (2000). Integrating demographic and landsat ™ data at a watershed scale. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36, 215-228.
Lee, Robert G. and Donald R. Field, Editors, (2005). Community and forests: Continuity and complexity. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
Clendenning, Greg, Donald R. Field, and Dana Jensen. (2004). A survey of seasonal and permanent landowners in Wisconsin’s northwoods: Following Dillman and then some. Society and Natural Resources, 17, 431-444.
Clendenning, Greg, Donald R. Field, and Kristen Kapp. (In press 2005). Seasonal homeowners in wisconsin northwoods: Urban attitudes toward wildlife management on public lands. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 10.
Clendenning, Greg and Donald R. Field. (2005). Seasonal residents: Members of community or part of the scenery. In Gary Green, Steve Deller, and David Marcouiller, Amenities and Rural Development. Edward Ellgar Publisher.
Jensen, Dana and Donald R. Field. (2005). Landowner attitudes toward planning in northwestern wisconsin: Implications for managing growth and development in a natural amenity rich region. In Gary Green, Steve Deller, and David Marcouiller, Amenities and Rural Development. Edward Ellgar Publisher.
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Future of Leisure and Leisure Services
Geoffrey Godbey
Professor
Leisure Studies Program
College of Health and Human Development
124 Mateer Building
Penn State University
University Park, PA
U.S.A. 16801
E-mail: g7g@psu.edu

Godbey, Geoffrey. (1997). Leisure and Leisure Services in the 21st Century. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.

Godbey, G. (2004). After the ant hill was stomped. The customization of life and leisure in the tourism and leisure industry: Shaping the future. K. Weiermair and C. Mathies, eds. London: Haworth Press. pp. 1-19.

Godbey, G. DeJong, G., V. Sasidharan. and C. Yarnal (2000-2001). Near Future Trends in the Northeastern United States: Implications for the National Park Service Northeast Region. National Park Service. www.nps.gov/nero/science/FINAL/Godbey/Godbey.htm.

Godbey, G. (2000). The future of leisure studies. Journal of Leisure Research, 32 (1), 37-42.

Godbey, G. (2004). The future of work and leisure: More customized and contingent across time. Leisure futures: Shaping the future of the tourism and leisure industry. Bolzano, Italy.

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Visitor Behavior in Wildland Environments
William E. Hammitt
Professor
Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management
269 Lehotsky Hall
Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29634
E-mail: hammitw@clemson.edu

Hammitt, W. E., Backlund, E. A., & Bixler, R. D. (2004). Experience use history, place bonding, and resource substitution of trout anglers during recreation engagements. Journal of Leisure Research, 36, 356-378.

Hammitt, W. E. (2004). Forest recreation: User needs and preferences. In J. Burley, J. Evans, & J. A. Youngquist (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences. Academic Press Elsevier Sciences: London, UK.
Hammitt, W. E. (2002). Urban forests and parks as privacy refuges. Journal of Arboriculture, 28 (1), 19-26.
Hammitt, W. E., Backman, K. F., & Davis T. J. (2001). Cognitive dimensions of wilderness privacy: An 18-year trend comparison. Leisure Sciences, 23 (4), 285-292.
Hammitt, W. E. (2000). The relationship of being-away and privacy in urban forest recreation environments. Environment and Behavior, 32 (4), 521-540.
Hammitt, W. E., & Cole, D. N. (1998). Wildland recreation: Ecology and management. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Pubs. New York.
Hammitt, W. E., & Rutlin, W. M. (1995). Use encounter standards and curves for achieved privacy in wilderness. Leisure Sciences, 17 (4), 245-262.
Hammitt, W. E., Patterson, M. E., & Noe, F. P. (1994). Identifying and predicting visual preference of Southern Appalachian forest recreation vistas. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 29, 171-183.
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Ego Involvement with Leisure Activity and Psychological Commitment to Service Providers
Mark E. Havitz
Professor
Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
E-mail: mhavitz@healthy.uwaterloo.ca

Gahwiler, P., & Havitz, M.E. (1998). Toward a relational understanding of leisure social worlds, involvement, psychological commitment, and behavioral loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 20, 1-23.

Havitz, M.E., & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for guiding the empirical testing of the involvement construct in recreational and tourist contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12, 179-196.

Havitz, M.E., & Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Measurement advances and conceptual conundrums. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 245-278.

Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 122-149.

Havitz, M.E., & Howard, D.R. (1995). How enduring is enduring involvement? A seasonal examination of three recreational activities. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4, 255-276.

Havitz, M.E., & Mannell, R.C. (In press). Enduring involvement, situational involvement, and flow in leisure and non-leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 37 (2).

Iwasaki, Y., & Havitz, M.E. (1998). A path analytic model of relationships between involvement, psychological commitment, and loyalty. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 256-280.
Iwasaki, Y., & Havitz, M.E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research, 36, 45-72.
Pritchard, M.P., Havitz, M.E., & Howard, D.R. (1999). Analyzing the commitment-loyalty link in service contexts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27, 333-348.
Wiley, C.G.A.E., Shaw, S.M., & Havitz, M.E. (2000). Men’s and women’s involvement in sports: An examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22, 19-31.
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Leisure and Unemployment
Mark E. Havitz
Professor
Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
E-mail: mhavitz@healthy.uwaterloo.ca

Havitz, M.E., Morden, P.A., & Samdahl, D.M. (2004). The diverse worlds of unemployed adults: Consequences for leisure, lifestyle, and well-being. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Havitz, M.E., & Spigner, C. (1992). Access to leisure services for the unemployed: A preliminary analysis. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 63 (4), 41-44.

Havitz, M.E., & Spigner, C. (1993). Unemployment, Health, and Leisure: The Role of Park and Recreation Services. In J.L. Crompton (Ed.), Trends, 30 (4), 31-36. Arlington, VA: National Recreation and Park Association.

Morden, P.A., & Havitz, M.E. (2003). Unemployed adult children living at home: Implications for leisure and well-being. In S.I. Stewart and W.T. Borrie (Eds.) Abstracts of the 2003 Leisure Research Symposium (p. 80). Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association.

Morden, P.A., & Havitz, M.E. (2002, May). Diverse worlds of unemployed Canadian adults: Insights into leisure, lifestyle and well-being. In E.L. Jackson (Ed.) Proceedings of the Tenth Canadian Congress on Leisure Research (pp. 228-231). Edmonton, AB: Canadian Association for Leisure Studies.

Pesavento Raymond, L.C., & Havitz, M.E. (1995). Validation of the impact of recreation for the unemployed. Illinois Parks and Recreation, 26 (3), 43-45.

Spigner, C., & Havitz, M.E. (1992). Access to recreation activities by the unemployed: Implications for Public Health. Journal of Recreation and Leisure, 12 (1), 106-123.
Spigner, C., & Havitz, M.E. (1993). Health, recreation, and the unemployed: An interactive model. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 13, 31-45.
Spigner, C., & Havitz, M.E. (1993). Social marketing or social justice? A dialogue on access to recreation for the unemployed. Parks and Recreation, 28 (11), 51-57.
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Leisure, Physical Activity, and Women
Karla A. Henderson
Professor
Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management
Box 8004, Biltmore
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27695-8004
E-mail: karla_henderson@ncsu.edu

Henderson, K.A., Bialeschki, M.D., Shaw, S.M., & Freysinger, V.J. (1996). Both gains and gaps: Feminist perspectives on women’s leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing. (337 pp.).

Shaw, S.M., & Henderson, K.A. (in press). Gender, leisure, and constraints. In E. Jackson (Ed.), Constraints to leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Tudor-Locke, C, Henderson, K.A., Wilcox, S. Cooper, R.S., Durstine, J.L., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2003). In their own voices: Definitions and interpretations of physical activity. Women’s Health Issues, 13 (5), 194-199.
Henderson, K.A., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2003). A synthesis of perceptions about physical activity among older African American and American Indian women. American Journal of Public Health, 93 (2), 313-317.
Henderson, K.A. & Ainsworth, B.E., (2002). Enjoyment: A link to physical activity, leisure, and health. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 20 (4), 130-146.
Henderson, K.A., Hodges, S., & Kivel, B. (2002). Context and dialogue in research on women and leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 34 (3), 253-271.
Henderson, K.A., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2001). Physical activity and human development among older native American women. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 9, 285-299.
Henderson, K.A., Sharpe, P.A., Neff, L.J., Royce, S.W., Greaney, M.L., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2001). “It takes a village” to promote physical activity: The potential for public parks and recreation departments. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19 (1), 23-41.
Henderson, K.A., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2001). Researching leisure and physical activity with women of color: Issues and emerging questions. Leisure Sciences, 23 (1), 21-34.
Henderson, K.A., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2000). The connections between social support and women’s physical activity involvement: The cultural activity participation study. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 9 (2), 27-53.
Henderson, K.A., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2000). Enablers and constraints to walking for african american and american indian women. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71 (4), 313-321.
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Sport Finance and Economics
Dennis R. Howard
Charles H. Lundquist College of Business
University of Oregon
Eugene, Oregon
U.S.A. 97403
E-mail: dennish@oregon.uoregon.edu
Howard, Dennis R. and John L. Crompton (2004). Financing sport. (2nd edition). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
DeSchriver, Timothy and Dennis R. Howard (In press). Asset-backed securitizations and sport facility financing. International Journal of Sport Management.
Stinson, J. and Dennis R. Howard (2004). Scoreboards vs. mortarboards: Major donor behavior and intercollegiate athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13 (3), 129-140.
Howard, Dennis R. and John Crompton (2004). Tactics used by sports organizations in the United States to increase ticket sales. Managing Leisure, 9 (April), 87-95.
Howard, Dennis R. and John Crompton (2003). An empirical review of the stadium novelty effect. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12 (2), 111-117.
Crompton, John, Dennis R. Howard, and Turgut Var (2003). Financing major league facilities: Status, evolution and conflicting forces. Journal of Sport Management, 17 (2), 156-184.
Howard, Dennis R. and John Crompton (2002). The growth and financial status of professional sports in North America: Insights for English soccer leagues? Managing Leisure, 7, 145-163.
Howard, Dennis R. and Richard Burton (2002). Recovery strategies for sports marketers. Marketing Management (Spring), 42-50.
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Effects of Technology on Leisure and Quality of Life
John Hultsman
Associate Vice President/Director
California State University, Bakersfield
Antelope Valley Campus
32 AVC
43909 30th Street West
Lancaster, CA 93536-5426
E-mail: jhultsman@csub.edu
Harper, W, & Hultsman, J. (1997). Thoreau on leisure: A wide halo of ease. Popular Culture Review, 8 (1), 121-137.
Hultsman, J. (1995). Spelling leisure. Leisure Studies, 14, 87-101.
Hultsman, J., & Harper, W. (1995). Selling Leisure: Cultural change and the evolution of advertising. Popular Culture Review, 6, 45-62.
Harper, W. & Hultsman, J. (1994). Rethinking leisure education. Schole, 9, 41-52.
Hultsman, J., & Harper, W. (1994). The decline in the experience of education. Popular Culture Review, 5 (2), 87-103.
Harper, W., & Hultsman, J. (1993). Whaling away at leisure. Schole, 8, 69-81.
Hultsman, J., & Harper, W. (1993). The problem of leisure reconsidered. Journal of American Culture, 16 (1), 47-54.
Harper, W., & Hultsman, J. (1992). Interpreting leisure as text: The whole. Leisure Studies, 11, 233-242.
Harper, W., & Hultsman, J. (1992). Leisure, culture, and progress. Journal of American Culture, 15 (3), 27-34.
Hultsman, J., & Harper, W. (1992). Interpreting leisure as text: The part. Leisure Studies, 11, 135-146.
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History of Work and Leisure
Benjamin Hunnicutt
Department of Sport, Health, Leisure & Physical Studies
E109 Field House
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa
U.S.A. 52242-1111
E-mail: benjamin-hunnicutt@uiowa.edu

Hunnicutt, B.K. (1996). Kellogg's six-hour day. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Hunnicutt, B.K. (1988). Work without end: Abandoning shorter hours for the right to work. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Hunnicutt, B. (2000). Our reform heritage: Recovering the vision of community leisure service. Journal of Leisure Research, 32.

Hunnicutt, B.K. (2003). When we had the time: A historical perspective. In John de Graaf (ed.), Take back your time. Berrett-Koehler.
Hunnicutt B. (1998). Leisure and play: Still the basis of culture, recent developments in cultural anthropology and history. Leisure Sciences, 20, 143-148.

Hunnicutt, B.K., (In press). Western history of leisure: handbook of leisure studies. Edited by Chris Rojek and Susan Shaw.

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Constraints to Leisure
Edgar L. Jackson
Professor
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada T6G 2E3
Phone: (780) 492-0342
E-mail: ed.jackson@ualberta.ca

Jackson, E.L. (2005). (Editor). Constraints to leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc. (In press).

Jackson, E.L. (2005). Leisure constraints research: Overview of a developing theme in leisure studies. In Constraints to leisure, edited by E.L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc. (In press).
Jackson, E.L. (2005). Impacts of life transitions on leisure and constraints to leisure. In Constraints to leisure, edited by E.L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc. (In press).
Crompton, J.L., Jackson, E.L., and Witt, P.A. (2005). Integrating benefits to leisure with constraints to leisure. In Constraints to leisure, edited by E.L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc. (In press).
Crawford, D.W. & Jackson, E.L. (2005). Leisure constraints theory: Dimensions, directions, and dilemmas. In Constraints to leisure, edited by E.L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc. (In press).
Jackson, E.L. (2000). Will research on leisure constraints still be relevant in the twenty-first century? Journal of Leisure Research, 32, 62-68.
Jackson, E.L. & Scott, D. (1999). Constraints to leisure. In E. Jackson & T. Burton (Eds.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century (pp. 299-321). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
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Leisure in the Lives of Older Adults
M. Jean Keller
Dean
College of Education
214 Matthews Hall
PO Box 311337
University of North Texas
Denton, Texas
U.S.A. 76203-1337
E-mail: jkeller@unt.edu

Wilhite, B., Keller, M. J., & Epps. L. (2002). In-home Therapeutic Recreation. Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association.

Keller, M. J. (Ed.), (1991). Activities with Developmentally Disabled Elderly and Older Adults. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.
Keller, M. J. & Riddick, C.C. (1992). Benefits of therapeutic recreation in gerontology. In C. Coyle, W. Kinney, B. Riley, & J. Shank (Eds.), Benefits of Therapeutic Recreation - A Consensus View (pp. 151-204).

Wilhite, B., Keller, M. J., Gaudet, G., & Buettner, L. (2000). The efficacy of sensory stimulation with older adults with dementia-related cognitive impairments. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 8, 43-55.

Keller, M. J. (May 1997). Cherished possessions: Being an effective helper with older adults. Parks & Recreation, 86-90.
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Leisure Experience and Personal Transitions

Douglas A. Kleiber
Professor
Department of Counseling and Human Development Services
University of Georgia
347 Ramsey
Athens, GA 30602-6555
E-mail: dkleiber@coe.uga.edu

Hutchinson, S.L. & Kleiber, D.A. (2005). Leisure and negative life events: Paradox and possibilities. In E. Jackson (Ed.) Constraints to leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.

Hutchinson, S. L., Loy, D., Kleiber, D. A., & Dattilo, J. (2003). Leisure as a coping resource: Variations in coping with traumatic injury and illness. Leisure Sciences, 25, 143-161.
Kleiber, D. (2004). Reconstructing self and leisure in the wake of negative life events: When acute distress gives way to possibility. Paper presented at conference on Negative Events in the Life Cycle: Recreation and Leisure as a Counteraction, Hong Kong. Baptist University, August. (available from author).

Kleiber, D. (2001). Developmental intervention and leisure education: A lifespan perspective. World Leisure, 43 (1). 4-10.

Kleiber, D. (2000). Developmental implications of engagement and disengagement as leisure experiences. In M. Cabeza (ed.) Leisure and human development. WLRA 2000/UNESCO: University of Deusto. Bilbao, Spain.
Kleiber,D.(1999). Leisure experience and human development. New York City: Basic Books.
Kleiber, D. (1985). Motivational reorientation in adulthood and the resource of leisure. In D. Kleiber & M. Maehr (Eds.), Motivation and adulthood. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Kleiber. D. & Hutchinson, S (1999). Reconstructing masculinities: Physical activity and heroic masculinity in recovery from spinal cord injury. In M. Silvenoinnen & S. Sparkes (eds.) Talking bodies: men in sport. Jyvaskyla, Finland: So Phi Press.

Kleiber, D., Hutchinson, S. & Williamson, R. (2002). Leisure as a resource in transcending negative life events: Self-protection, self restoration and personal transformation. Leisure Sciences, 24, 219-235.

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Human Dimensions of Wildlife and Natural Resource Management

Michael J. Manfredo
Professor and Head
Department of Natural Resource Recreation and Tourism
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO 80524
E-mail: manfredo@cnr.colostate.edu

Manfredo, M.J., J. J. Vaske, D. Field, and P. J. Brown, B. Bruyere (Eds.) (In press). Society and natural resources: A summary of knowledge prepared for the 10th international symposium on society and natural resources. Jefferson, MO: Modern Litho.

Manfredo, M. J. (Ed.) (1993). Influencing human behavior: theory and applications in recreation, tourism, and natural resources management. Champaign, Ill: Sagamore Press.
Manfredo, M. J. (Ed.) (2002). Wildlife viewing in North America: A management planning handbook. Corvallis, Ore: Oregon State University Press.

Manfredo, M. J., Teel, T. L., & Bright, A. D. (2003). Why are public values toward wildlife changing? Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 8 (4), 285-304.

Manfredo, M. J., D. Fulton, and C. Pierce. (1997). Understanding voting behavior on wildlife ballot initiatives: The case of Colorado's Amendment 14. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 2 (4), 22-39.
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Leisure and Health

Roger C. Mannell
Professor
Department of Recreation & Leisure Studies
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2L 3G1
E-mail: mannell@healthy.uwaterloo.ca

Mannell, R.C., & Dupuis, S.L. (1996). Life satisfaction. In J.E. Birren (Ed.), Encyclopedia of gerontology: Age, aging and the aged. 59-64. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Mannell, R.C., & Kleiber, D.A. (1997). A social psychology of leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Iwasaki, Y., & Mannell, R.C. (2000). Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress-coping. Leisure Sciences, 22, 161-183.
Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R.C., Smale, B.J.A., & Butcher, J. (2002). A short term longitudinal analysis of leisure coping used by police and emergency response service workers. Journal of Leisure Research, 34, 311-339.
Mannell, R.C., Salmoni, A.W., & Martin, L. (2003). Older adults caring for older adults: Physically active leisure lifestyles as a coping resource for the health of caregivers. Society and Leisure, 25, 397-420.
Heintzman, P., & Mannell, R.C. (2003). Spiritual functions of leisure and spiritual well-being: Coping with time pressure. Leisure Sciences, 25, 207-230.
Mannell, R.C., & Loucks-Atkinson, A. (2005). Why don't people do what's "good" for them? Comparing the psychologies of non-participation in leisure, health and exercise behaviors. In E. Jackson (Ed.), Constraints to leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
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Park and Outdoor Recreation Management
Robert E. Manning
School of Natural Resources
University of Vermont
356 Aiken Center
Burlington, VT
U.S.A. 05405
E-mail: Robert.Manning@uvm.edu

Manning, R. (1999). Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction (2nd edition). Corvallis Oregon: Oregon State University Press.

Lawson, S. and R. Manning. (2003). Research to guide management of wilderness camping at Isle Royale National Park: Part I -- descriptive research. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 21 (3), 22-42.
Lawson, S. and R. Manning. (2003). Research to guide management of wilderness camping at Isle Royale National Park: Part II -- prescriptive research. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 21 (3), 43-56.
Manning, R. and S. Lawson. (2002). Carrying capacity as "informed judgement": The values of science and the science of values. Environmental Management, 30, 157-168.
Manning, R. (2001). Visitor experience and resource protection: A framework for managing the carrying capacity of national parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19 (1), 93-108.
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American Indians and Recreation Lands
Leo McAvoy
Professor
Recreation and Sport Studies
College of Education and Human Development
224 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave SE
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455
E-mail: mcavo001@umn.edu

Jostad, P. McAvoy, L. & McDonald, D. (1996) Native American land ethics: Implications for natural resource management. Society and Natural Resources, 9, 565-581.

McAvoy, L. (2002). American indians, place meanings and the old/new west. Journal of Leisure Research, 34 (4), 383-396.
McAvoy, L., McDonald, D. & Carlson, M. (2003). American indian/first nation place attachment to park lands: The case of the nuu-chah-nulth of british columbia. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 21 (2), 84-104.
McAvoy, L., Winter, P., Outley, C., McDonald, D. & Chavez, D. (2000). Conducting research with communities of color. Society and Natural Resources, 13, 479-488.
McDonald, D. & McAvoy, L. (1997). Native americans and leisure: State of the research and future directions. Journal of Leisure Research, 29 (2), 145-166.
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Outdoor Adventure and Persons with Disabilities
Leo McAvoy
Professor
Recreation and Sport Studies
College of Education and Human Development
224 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave SE
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455
E-mail: mcavo001@umn.edu

McAvoy, L.H., & Lais, G. (1999). Adventure programs that include persons with disabilities. In, Miles, J. & Priest, S. (Eds.) Adventure education (pp. 403-414). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

McAvoy, L. (2001). Outdoors for everyone: Opportunities that include people with disabilities. Parks and Recreation, 36 (8), 24-32.
McAvoy, L. (2000). Disability as diversity: The role of recreation in quality of life. In M. Allison & I. Schneider (Eds.), Diversity and the recreation profession: Organizational perspectives (pp. 47-71). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Scholl, K., McAvoy, L., Rynders, J., & Smith, J. (2003). The influence of an inclusive outdoor recreation experience on families that have a child with a disability. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 37 (1), 38-57.
Anderson, L., Schleien, S., McAvoy, L., Lais, G., & Seligman, D. (1997). Creating positive change through an integrated outdoor adventure program. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 31 (4), 214-229.
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Leisure Service Delivery
Ronald E. McCarville
Department of Recreation & Leisure Studies
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2L 3G1
E-mail: mcarvill@healthy.uwaterloo.ca

Welch, Ron, & McCarville, Ron. (2003). Discovering conditions for staff acceptance of organizational change. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 21 (2), 22- 43.

McCarville, Ronald E. (2002). Improving leisure services through marketing action. Sagamore Publishing.

Colenutt, Christina, E., & McCarville, Ronald E. (2000). The effect of a queue-type delay on recreationists' mood and satisfaction levels with a leisure provider. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 18 (2), 1-20.

Flood, Chris M., & McCarville, Ronald E. (1999). Lessons from a successful service quality initiative: A case study in organizational change. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 17 (4), 102-114.
McCarville, Ronald E., Sears, Don, & Furness, Steve. (1999). User and community preferences for pricing park services: A case study. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 17 (1), 91-105.
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The Public Sector and its Policies in Outdoor Recreation

Thomas A. More
USDA Forest Service
Northeastern Research Station
PO Box 968
Burlington, VT 05402
E-mail: tmore@fs.fed.us

More, T. (2002). The parks are being loved to death, and other frauds and deceits in recreation management. Journal of Leisure Research, 34 (1), 52-78.

More, T. (2002). The marginal user as the justification for public recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 34 (1), 103-118.
More, T. ,Stevens, T. (2000). Do user fees exclude low-income people from resource-based recreation? Journal of Leisure Research, 32 (3), 341-357.

More, T., Averill, J., Stevens, T. (1996). Values and economics in environmental management: a perspective and critique. Journal of Environmental Management, 48, 397-409.

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Leisure Service Delivery System: Philosophy, Service Roles, and Issues
James F. Murphy
Professor and Chair
Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies
San Francisco State University
1600 Holloway Ave.
San Francisco, Ca.
U.S.A. 94132
E-mail: JimmyMurph@aol.com

Murphy. J. and Dahl, R. (1991). The right to leisure expression. Parks and Recreation, 26, pp.106-108, 110.

Murphy, J., Niepoth, E.W., Jamieson, L., and Williams, J. (1991). Leisure systems: Critical concepts and approaches. Champaign, Ill.: Sagamore Publishing.

Murphy, J. (1983). Community leisure studies: A holistic perspective. Handbook of social intervention. Edward Seidman, Editor. Beverly Hills, Ca.: Sage Publications, Inc.

Murphy, J. (1980). An enabling approach to leisure service delivery. Recreation and leisure: Issues in an era of change. 1st Ed., Goodale,T. and Witt, P., Eds., State College, Pa.: Venture Publishing.

Murphy, J. and Howard, D. (1977). Delivery of community leisure services: An holistic approach. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea & Febiger.

Murphy, J. Editor. (1976). Human service delivery: Alternatives for recreation and park agencies. Sacramento, Ca.: California Park and Recreation Society.

Murphy, J. (1975). Recreation and leisure service: A humanistic perspective. Dubuque, Ia.: William C. Brown.
Murphy, J., Niepoth, E.W., Williams, J. and Brown, P. (1973). Leisure service delivery system. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea & Febiger.
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Leisure, Community, and Persons with Disabilities
Alison Pedlar
Department of Recreation & Leisure Studies
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2L 3G1
E-mail: apedlar@healthy.uwaterloo.ca

Pedlar, A. (1997). Community Development: What does it mean for recreation and leisure? Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 21(1), 5-23.

Pedlar, A., Haworth, L., Hutchison, P., Taylor, A., & Dunn, P. (1999). A textured life: Empowerment and adults with developmental disabilities. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Pedlar, A. (1999). Speaking each others' language: Should insularity concern us? Journal of Leisure Research, 31 (2), 1818-184.
Pedlar, A., Hutchison, P., Arai, S., & Dunn, P. (2000). The community services landscape in Canada: A survey of developmental disability agencies. Mental Retardation, 38 (4), 330-341.
Pedlar, A., & Hutchison, P. (2000). Restructuring human services in Canada: Commodification of disability. Disability & Society, 15 (4), 637-651.

Arai, S., & Pedlar, A. (2003). Moving beyond individualism in leisure theory: A critical analysis of concepts of community and social engagement. Leisure Studies, 22, 185-202.

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Leisure and the Humanities
Ruth V. Russell
Professor
Recreation and Park Administration
133 HPER Building
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana 47405
E-mail: russellr@indiana.edu

Russell, R.V. (2005). Pastimes: The context of contemporary leisure, 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Sagamore.

Russell, R.V. (2001). Bringing wonder to the classroom: The humanities and leisure studies. Schole: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education, 16, 71-82.

Russell, R.V. (2000). Teaching through creative writing: Integrating abstract concepts into stories makes the subject come alive for apprehensive learners. Schole: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education, 15, 141-144.

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Including People with Disabilities in Community Recreation and Sports
Stuart J. Schleien
Professor and Department Head
Department of Recreation, Tourism, and Hospitality Management
P.O. Box 26170
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Greensboro, NC 27402-6170
E-mail: sjs@uncg.edu

Miller, K. D., Schleien, S., Kraft, H., Bodo-Lehman, D., Frisoli, A., & Strack, R. (2004). Teaming up for inclusive volunteering: A case study of a volunteer program for youth with and without disabilities. Leisure/Loisir, 28 (1-2), 115-136.

Mactavish, J., & Schleien, S. (2004). Re-injecting spontaneity and balance in family life: Parents’ perspectives on recreation in families that include children with developmental disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 123-141.

Schleien, S., Green, F., & Stone, C. (2003). Making friends within inclusive community recreation programs. American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 2 (1), 7-16.

Miller, K., Schleien, S., & Bedini, L., (2003). Barriers to the inclusion of volunteers with developmental disabilities. The Journal of Volunteer Administration, 21(1), 25-30.
Schleien, S., Fahnestock, M., & Miller, K. (2001). Severe multiple disabilities. In D. Austin & M. Crawford (Eds.), Therapeutic recreation: An introduction (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Mactavish, J., & Schleien, S. (2000). Exploring family recreation activities in families that include children with developmental disabilities. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 34 (2), 132-153.
Miller, K., & Schleien, S. (2000). A community for all children: A guide to inclusion for out-of-school time. Raleigh: North Carolina: Division of Mental Health/Developmental Disabilities.
Schleien, S., Ray, M. T., & Green, F. (1997). Community recreation and people with disabilities: Strategies for inclusion (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Schleien, S., Meyer, L., Heyne, L., & Brandt, B. (1995). Lifelong leisure skills and lifestyles for persons with developmental disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
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Leisure and Aging